《人教版高三英语总复习之语法专项突破一轮复习:语法专项十三特殊句式》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《人教版高三英语总复习之语法专项突破一轮复习:语法专项十三特殊句式(48页珍藏版)》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、必必备知知识梳理梳理方法方法规律技巧律技巧 课 时 作作 业 例如:that isnt your dictionary,is it?这不是你的字典,是吗?these are interesting stories,arent they?这些故事很有意思,不是吗?2.当陈述部分的主语是“i am.”结构时,疑问部分一般用“arent i?”。如:im late for class,arent i?我上课迟到了,对吗?3.当陈述句部分的主语是everybody,somebody,nobody,none等合成代词时,疑问部分的主语多用they。如:everyone came here, didnt
2、they?每个人都来这了吗?nobody phoned while i was out, did they?我出去的时候没人打电话吧?4当陈述部分的主语是everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。如:nothing is too difficult for him,is it?对他来说没什么事是困难的,是吗?everything is ready,isnt it?所有事都准备好了,对吗?5当陈述部分是不定代词one作主语,疑问部分的主语在正式场合用one,在非正式场合用you。如:one cant be too careful, can one(
3、you)?人再怎么认真也不过分,对吧?6.当陈述部分是“there be主语其他”结构时,疑问部分用“be(not)there”结构。如:there is a book on the desk, isnt there?桌上有本书,是吗?there are not any pens in the box, are there?盒子里没笔了,是吧?7.当陈述部分的主语是“i dont think/suppose/believe/guessthat从句”结构时,疑问部分的主语和谓语须和从句中的主语和谓语在人称和数上一致,并且还要用肯定形式。如:i dont think he can finish t
4、he work,can he?我认为他不能完成任务,是不是?i dont believe she knows it,does she?我相信她不知道这件事,对不对?8当陈述部分的谓语动词是have时,有两种情况:have作“有”解时,可有两种形式。如:he has a new book,hasnt/doesnt he?他有本新书,是不是?have表示其他意思时,只用do的相应形式。如:she had a good time in the park,didnt she?她在公园玩得很开心,是不是?9当陈述部分含有seldom,hardly,few,little,never等否定意义的词时,疑问部
5、分要用肯定形式。she hardly knows french,does she?她几乎不懂法语,是吗?10陈述部分的谓语是带有否定前缀或后缀构成的词时,疑问部分仍用否定形式。he dislikes playing football, doesnt he?他不喜欢踢足球,对吗?11.陈述部分为祈使句时,若为肯定形式,则疑问部分肯定形式与否定形式均可。若为否定形式,则疑问部分只能用肯定形式。pass me the book,will/wont you?请递给我那本书,好吗?dont be careless,will you?别再粗心了,好吗?1完全倒装(1)there be 主 语 ., 此 结
6、 构 中 的 be有 时 用stand/exist/lie/live/flow/seem等不及物动词代替there seems to be something wrong with the machine.好像机器出了点问题。(2)here/there/now/then/thus不及物动词名词there goes the bell.lets go into the lecture hall.铃响了。我们进入演讲大厅吧。be quick!here comes the bus.快点!公共汽车来了。(3)out/in/up/down/away/off/back/over不及物动词名词out rush
7、ed the children.孩子们冲出了教室。away flew the birds.鸟儿飞走了。(4)介词短语(表地点)不及物动词主语on the wall hang two large portraits.墙上挂着两张巨幅画像。(5)表语连系动词主语(表语可以是:形容词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词)present at the meeting were professor white,professor smith and many other guests.出席会议的有怀特教授,史密斯教授还有许多其他客人。(6)suchbe主语such are the facts;no one c
8、an deny them.这些就是事实;没有人可以否认。2部分倒装 (1)so/neither/nor助动词/情态动词主语(表示前一句中的内容也适合另一人或另一事物)lily cant play tabletennis.neither can i.丽丽不会打乒乓球。我也不会。比较:so主语助动词/情态动词。(后面一个句子只是肯定或重复前句的内容)it was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。so it was.的确如此。(2)表示否定意义的副词、连词或短语置于句首时当not,never,hardly,seldom,scarcely,rarely,little,no,nowhere,no
9、t only,not until,at no time,by no means,in no way,no sooner.than,hardly.when等词或短语位于句首时:by no means shall we give up.我们决不会放弃。at no time will china be the first to use the nuclear weapon.在任何情况下中国决不会第一个使用核武器。(3)在so/such.that.句型中,若so/such.提到句首时so nervous was she that she returned to china shortly after
10、the earthquake.她地震之后如此紧张,结果很快回到中国。(4)当“only状语(副词、介词短语或从句)”置于句首时only after my friend came was the computer repaired.只有在我朋友来了之后,电脑才修好。(5)用于as引导的让步状语从句中(表语/状语/动词原形as主语)try as he would,he might fail again.尽管他会努力,他也许再次失败。 (6)在省略 if 的虚拟条件句中(当条件从句中有were,had,should时)had you reviewed your lessons,you might h
11、ave passed the examination. 要是早复习了功课,你有可能就通过考试了。should it not rain,we would go for a picnic tomorrow.要是明天不下雨,我们就可以去野餐了。2介、关系代在某些条件下可以省略he spent four hours (in) going over his lessons.他花了四个小时复习功课。ive studied english (for) five years.我已学英语五年了。its a pity (that) hes leaving.他要走,真遗憾。3.句子的主、表、定、状、甚至在某些条件下
12、有可能省略(1)省略主语beg your pardon.请你原谅。(省略了主语i)take care!当心!(省略了主语you)(2)省略谓语who next?该谁了?(省略谓语comes)well do the best we can.我们将尽力而为。(can后面省略了动词do)(3)省略表语are you ready?yes,i am.你准备好了吗?我准备好了。(am后面省略了ready)(4)省略宾语lets do the dishes.ill wash and youll dry.让我们洗碗吧。我来洗,你来揩干。(wash和dry后面省略了宾语the dishes)(5)省略定语he
13、spent part of the money,and the rest he saved.那钱他花了部分,其余的他都存了起来。(the rest后面省略了定语of the money)(6)省略状语he was not hurt.strange!他没有受伤。真奇怪!(strange是how strange it is的省略)(2)由固定词组引导的疑问句:what about having a game of chess?下盘棋怎么样?how come they left you alone here?他们怎么会把你一人留在这里呢?what if its raining?如果天下雨怎么办?wh
14、y not try again?为什么不再试试呢?(3)在口语中,为了避免重复,不定式可以省去和句子前部重复的动词原形而只留下不定式符号to。he may leave if he wishes to.他可以走,如果他愿意的话。dont go till i tell you to.等我叫你走你再走。1我们可以使用某些词来表示强调,如so,such,really和just。our classmates were so excited when they were listening to her speech.我们的同学们听她的演讲时是如此的激动。i have never seen such a
15、beautiful picture before.我以前从来就没有见过这么美的画。2如果要强调句中谓语动词以外的其他部分,我们可以使用“itbe被强调部分that从句”的句型。1)我们可以用这个句型强调句中的主语、宾语或状语。下列例句表明如何强调句子中的不同部分:i saw mr.white in the park last sunday.上周日我在公园看见white先生了。it was i who saw mr white in the park last sunday.(强调主语)上周日是我在公园看见white先生的。it was mr white whom/that i saw in t
16、he park last sunday.(强调宾语)上周日我在公园看见的是white先生。it was in the park that i saw mr white last sunday.(强调地点状语)上周日我是在公园看到white先生的。it was last sunday that i saw mr white in the park.(强调时间状语)我是上周日在公园看到white先生的。如果被强调的部分是一个人或一群人,我们使用who或that引导从句。2)被强调的代词应与原句一致,若强调主语,则用主格,强调宾语用宾格。it was i who went to canada las
17、t summer.就是我去年夏天去了加拿大。it is him that i want to visit.我想去拜访的是他。3)这种强调结构也可用于疑问句。why was it that you didnt come to the meeting yesterday?究竟是为什么你昨天没有来开会?4)我们还可使用“it was not until.that.”这个句型强调时间状语。it was not until i got home that i realized i had left my sweater on the playground.直到到了我家我才意识到把毛衣落在了操场上。3如果
18、要强调时态为一般现在时或一般过去时的肯定句中的谓语动词,我们在该动词前加助动词do,does或did。tom does get up at 600 every day.汤姆的确每天六点起床。he did come to see you last sunday,but you were out.他上周日的确来看过你,但是你出去了。例如:(2012山东淄博市期中考试)it was not until he came back_he knew the police were looking for him.awhichbsincecthat dbefore解析it was not until. th
19、at. 为固定强调句型。答案c2累标志,判断是否倒装。高考对倒装句的考查主要有以下三个方面:(1)表示否定意义的副词,如not,seldom,hardly,rarely,never,nor,neither等置于句首时句子用部分倒装语序。(2)only修饰状语,并且位于句首时句子要用部分倒装语序。(3)so修饰形容词或副词置于句首时句子用部分倒装语序。例如:_homework did we have to do that we had no time to take a rest.aso much btoo muchctoo little dso little答案a3分析主特点,判断是否省略。
20、高考对省略情况的考查主要有以下几个方面:(1)并列句中一般把后一个分句中相同的成分省略。(2)复合句中由which,when,where,how和why引导的宾语从句中,若有与前面主句重复的内容,则可将重复内容省去,只保留引导从句的疑问词。在时间、地点、条件、让步或比较状语从句中,如果谓语含有动词be,主语又和主句的主语一致,或主语是it,主语和谓语动词be就常常省略。(3)在what if,if only,what about,how about,why not动词原形等惯用句型中的省略。例如:(2012沈阳二中月考)i heard jack was badly injured in the accident._,lets go and see him.awhats more bif socwhere possible dwhen necessary答案b温温示示提提馨馨请做:做:课时作作业(5353)课时作作业堂堂清堂堂清(点(点击击进入)入)