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1、名词不规则变化汇总第一类:无规律变化1. foot feet , goose geese, tooth-teeth,child children, ox oxen, louse lice, woman women, man men, mouse mice注意:与 man 和 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women。如:an englishman,two englishmen. 但german不是合成词,故复数形式为germans;bowman是姓,其复数是the bowmans。第二类:单复数同形sheep, deer, fish, cattle, chinese,
2、japanese,audienceli,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin但除人民币元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters第三类:以o结尾的单词a、有些以o结尾的外来词或缩略词的复数形式只加s;b、以元音字母加o结尾的单词只加spiano,photo,zero,radio,bamboo,tobacco,solo,cuckoo,dynamo,cameo,soprano.如果以o结尾的名词有生命力,则该词汇一般加-es。如:hero,tomato,potato,negro
3、(黑人)简记;黑人英雄吃西红柿马铃薯。第四类:以辅音加y结尾的名词变y为i再加es如:family-families , city-cities若y前面是元音字母只加s,如:key-keys boy-boys play-plays toy-toys第五类:以f,fe结尾的名词,变f,fe为v 加es如:calf-calves, knife-knivesa.下列名词直接加sroof(房顶) reef(暗礁) chief(首领) cliff(悬崖) grief(悲痛) turf(草皮) belief(信仰) gulf(港湾) dwarf(侏儒) safe(保险箱) sheriff(长官) tari
4、ff(关税)b. scarf(头巾) whart(码头) staff(全体职员) handkerchief(手帕) hoof(蹄)既可直接加s,又可变f为v加es。第六类:复合名词复数形式1、中间没有连字符的合成名词在词尾变复数;bookshelf-bookshelves handful-handfuls2、man和 woman构成的复合名词,二者均变为复数。man servant-men servants woman teacher-women teachers3、中间有连字符的合成词,在主体词(中心意义的词)末尾变为复数。sister-in-law-sisters-in-law looke
5、r-on-lookers-on editor-in-chief-editors-in-chief4、下列合成名词在后一个词上变化;sit-in-sit-ins grown-up-grown-ups stand-by-stant-bystouch-me-not-touch-me-nots go-between-go-betweens第七类:集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数如:people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle,the english,the british,the french,the chinese,the japanese,the swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用。如:the chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。